Canada has a strong relative specialisation in biotechnology and ICT, but its RTA index in environment-related technologies is lower than the OECD median and has decreased significantly in past years. Recently, Canada has joined Mission Innovation, which is a global partnership, announced at the United Nations 2015 Climate Change Conference, aimed at doubling government investment in clean energy innovation over five years, while encouraging private-sector leadership in clean energy. The Mission Innovation initiative also seeks to better coordinate and report on clean energy efforts. In addition, health-related research has been a focus of recent budgets. To fully reap the benefits of public investment in health research conducted in Canadian universities, and to advance the development of high-value therapies, the government will provide up to: 1) USD 26.3 million PPP (CAD 32 million) over two years, starting in 2017 18, to fuel the growth of the Centre for Drug Research; 2) USD 16.4 million PPP (CAD 20 million) over three years to the Brain Canada Foundation for its Canada Brain Research Fund; and 3) USD 10 million PPP (CAD 12 million) over two years to support the Stem Cell Network’s research, training and outreach activities to further Canada’s longstanding leadership in this research field. The Technology Demonstration Programme, launched in 2013, provides non-repayable contributions to support large-scale collaborative R&D projects and ensure a concentration of technology development in priority areas (e.g., aerospace, defence, space, and security) that show significant potential for broad-based and long-term economic benefits and in the next-generation of manufacturing, technical capabilities and services. The latest federal budget announced the extension of the Automotive Innovation Fund (currently scheduled to sunset at the end of 2017 18) through to the end of 2020 21. The government will also examine approaches that will allow it to maximize the impact of federal support offered to the automotive sector. Opportunities for the space industry sector have also been created, with USD 311 million PPP (CAD 379 million) over eight years provided to the Canadian Space Agency so as to extend the country’s participation in the International Space Station to 2024. In addition, the federal government is supporting the transformation of the agriculture and forestry sectors. USD 71 million PPP (CAD 86 million) have been provided over two years, starting in 2016–17, to extend the Forest Innovation Programme and the Expanding Market Opportunities Programme and encourage R&D and technology transfer. Likewise, Budget 2016 provided USD 25 million PPP (CAD 30 million) over six years, starting in 2016 17, to Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to support agricultural research in genomics.